Plant-Based Foods vs. Animal-Based Foods

Animal-based foods versus plant-based foods is a topic many people debate. Animal-based foods are derived solely from animal sources such as meat and poultry. Plant-based foods are derived solely from whole, natural foods such as vegetables and grains. To determine which is healthier regarding protein, nutrients, and overall health may depend on an individual's needs.

Protein

Animal-based foods may be superior to plant-based foods when it comes to protein. However, protein may come from either animal- or plant-based foods. Complete proteins contain nine essential amino acids and are found in all animal-based foods such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk and milk products.

Soybeans are the only plant-based foods to contain a complete protein. Plant-based foods such as beans, peas, nuts, seeds and grains contain an incomplete protein and must be combined with carbohydrates such as rice or wheat to form a complete protein.

All cells in the body contain and require protein for growth and repair. Protein is also essential for the healthy development in pregnancies, children and adolescents. Adults require 10 to 35 percent of their caloric intake to be protein-based, and according to the Mayo clinic, most Americans get enough protein in their daily diet.

Nutrients

The best sources of iron are found in animal-based foods such as red meat, liver and eggs. However, some plant-based foods such as dried beans and spinach contain good sources of iron as well. Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal-based foods and provides a good source for daily nutrition. Animal-based foods such as milk, cheese and dairy products provide a good source of calcium.

Plant-based foods, on the other hand, do not provide a natural source of B12, however it may be found in fortified or enriched in products such as soy beverages and cereals. Plant-based foods may also provide a good source of calcium in vegetable greens such as spinach, kale and broccoli.

Health

When it comes to good health, the Mayo Clinic suggests that plant-based foods are a healthier alternative to animal-based foods. Plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, grains, beans, legumes and nuts are rich in fiber and contain fewer calories than animal-based foods. Therefore, those who eat plant-based foods as opposed to those who consume animal-based foods tend to weigh less and have lower cholesterol levels.

Environmental Impact

Animal-based foods impact the environment more heavily than plant-based foods. According to the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization 2006 report "Livestock's Long Shadow" by Robert Goodland and Jeff Anhang, raising animals for human consumption may cause higher degrees of global warming due to the destructive effect of greenhouse gas emissions.